Search Results
Author(s): Maddox J
Published: July, 1990
Publisher: Nature
DOI: 10.1038/346311a0
Tags: Surface Albedo Modification, Ethics
URL: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v346/n6282/pdf/346311a0.pdf
Abstract: People should not personally assume responsibility for the greenhouse effect, which would be impossible, but they should give some thought to the quantities involved.
Author(s): Early JT
Published: December, 1989
Publisher: Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
Tags: Space Reflectors
URL: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989JBIS...42..567E
Abstract: The construction of a thin glass shield is proposed to offset the greenhouse effects caused by CO2 buildup in the earth's atmosphere. It is suggested that the shield could be built from lunar materials and should be located near the first Lagrange point of the earth-sun system. Consideration is given to the photon thrust of the shield, the shield size, effective blockage, and possibilities for shield design.
Author(s): Charlson RJ, Lovelock JE, Andreae MO, Warren SG
Published: April, 1987
Publisher: Nature
DOI: 10.1038/326655a0
Tags: Cloud Brightening, Ocean Fertilization, Cloud Physics
URL: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v326/n6114/abs/326655a0.html
Abstract: The major source of cloud-condensation nuclei (CCN) over the oceans appears to be dimethylsulphide, which is produced by planktonic algae in sea water and oxidizes in the atmosphere to form a sulphate aerosol Because the reflectance (albedo) of clouds (and thus the Earth's radiation budget) is sensitive to CCN density, biological regulation of the climate is possible through the effects of temperature and sunlight on phytoplankton population and dimethylsulphide production. To counteract the warming due to doubling of atmospheric CO2, an approximate doubling of CCN would be needed.
Author(s): Dyson FJ
Published: September, 1977
Publisher: Energy
DOI: 10.1016/0360-5442(77)90033-0
Tags: Afforestation, Terrestrial Carbon Storage, Economics
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360544277900330
Abstract: The carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels can theoretically be controlled by growing trees. Quantitative estimates are made of the size and cost of a plant-growing program designed to halt the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Author(s): Gordon HR, Jacobs MM
Published: August, 1977
Publisher: Applied optics
DOI: 10.1364/AO.16.002257
Tags: Surface Albedo Modification
URL: http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-16-8-2257
Abstract: The influence of the ocean’s optical properties and wind induced sea surface foam (white caps) on the shortwave albedo of the ocean-atmosphere system is studied by solving the radiative transfer equation using a Monte Carlo method. It is found that for a foam free ocean, the planetary albedo of a very clear ocean is at most 10% greater than that for a totally absorbing ocean. However, the introduction of a relatively small amount of sea foam on the surface can produce a considerable increase in the albedo, especially if the foam is highly reflecting. For example, it is shown that for foam which is totally reflecting (the foam albedo is 1), an increase in the wind speed from 6 to 14 m/sec would double the planetary albedo for small solar zenith angles.
Author(s): Twomey S
Published: July, 1977
Publisher: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1149:TIOPOT>2.0.CO;2
Tags: Cloud Physics
URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0469%281977%29034%3C1149%3ATIOPOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2
Abstract: By increasing droplet concentration and thereby the optical thickness of a cloud, pollution acts to increase the reflectance (albedo) of clouds; by increasing the absorption coefficient it acts to decrease the reflectance. Calculations suggest that the former effect (brightening of the clouds in reflection, hence climatically a cooling effect) dominates for thin to moderately thick clouds, whereas for sufficiently thick clouds the latter effect (climatically a warming effect) can become dominant.
Author(s): Marchetti C
Published: March, 1977
Publisher: Climatic Change
DOI: 10.1007/BF00162777
Tags: Marine Carbon Storage, Carbon Cycle
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/h71588v014051h6k/
Abstract: The problem of CO2 control in the atmosphere is tackled by proposing a kind of 'fuel cycle' for fossil fuels where CO2 is partially or totally collected at certain transformation points and properly disposed of. CO2 is disposed of by injection into suitable sinking thermohaline currents that carry and spread it into the deep ocean that has a very large equilibrium capacity. The Mediterranean undercurrent entering the Atlantic at Gibraltar has been identified as one such current; it would have sufficient capacity to deal with all CO2 produced in Europe even in the year 2100.
Author(s): Sagan C
Published: December, 1973
Publisher: Icarus
DOI: 10.1016/0019-1035(73)90026-2
Tags: Surface Albedo Modification
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0019103573900262
Abstract: Some 109 to 1010 metric tons of low albedo material, transported during the course of a century to the permanent Martian polar caps, may be capable of rapidly transforming Mars to much more Earth-like conditions. Alternatively the introduction to Mars of a dark plant which grows on the polar snows might accomplish the same objective. Fortunately neither program is a practical engineering venture for the near future.
Author(s): Lamb HH
Published: April, 1971
Publisher: Earth-Science Reviews
DOI: 10.1016/0012-8252(71)90083-3
Tags: History, Environmental Side-Effects
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012825271900833
Abstract: An alarming situation exists in the arid regions of central Asia and elsewhere, where increase of population and industry has resulted in overuse of the natural water supply. Ambitious measures proposed in the Soviet Union for solving this problem by diverting water from the rivers which flow into the Arctic Ocean are outlined from published information and are seen to raise novel questions, arising from possible unintended and undesirable side-effects on the distribution of climates over many parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The importance of informed scientific study and discussion of the meteorological problem, using a variety of techniques and taking account of the history of natural climatic fluctuations, as well as the margins of error likely in any attempted predictions, is stressed.